Retrocaval or circumcaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly due to an anomalous development of the inferior vena cava (approximate incidence of one in 1000 live births), three to four times more common in males and with a predominance for the right side [1, 2]. The classification of Bateson and Atkinson differentiates two types: type I has an 'S' or 'fishhook' appearance and usually presents with symptomatic obstruction of the affected urinary tract, and type II, which has a less angulated 'sickle-shaped' ureteral deformity [3]. Since the first reported surgical treatment for this condition, described by Anderson and Hynes in 1949 [4], minimally invasive surgical approaches have gained popularity in the last years [5–8]. We present in the following video our technique for transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy of a right retrocaval ureter without excision of the retrocaval segment.
We present the case of a 38-year-old male, who was seen in the emergency department for a right flank pain with associated acute renal failure. An abdominal ultrasound performed in the acute setting described findings compatible with of right ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The patient underwent a right double J stent placement as an emergency procedure and was discharged on the next day with improvement in symptoms and laboratory analysis (serum creatinine and eGFR). As part of the outpatient evaluation, a CT scan was performed, showing a right retrocaval ureter. A laparoscopic transperitoneal approach was chosen for the elective surgical repair.
In the left lateral decubitus position, a camera trocar, and 3 working trocars were positioned. Our surgical technique is described in a step-by-step manner in the video. The patient recovered well from surgery and was discharged home 48 hours later. The double J stent (placed during surgery) was removed 6 weeks after, and right side distal urine passage was seen in intravenous pyelography. An improvement was also noted in renal scintigraphy and diuretic renogram.